Influence of the interaction between parental myopia and poor eye habits when reading and writing and poor reading posture on prevalence of myopia in school students

To assess the prevalence of myopia in high school students in Urumqi, China, and examine the impact of the interaction between parental myopia and poor reading and writing habits on myopia to identify the population at risk and provide evidence to help students to avoid myopia. In December 2019, a cross-sectional survey was conducted in Ürümqi with 6,883 schoolchildren between 7 and 20 years old. The standard eye chart and mydriatic optometry were used to determine if the students were nearsighted. Falconer method was used to calculate the inheritance of parental myopia. Multivariate unconditional logistic regression models were used to analyze myopia risk factors and the additive and multiplicative interaction of parental myopia and poor reading and writing habits. After standardizing the age of the 6,883 students, the overall myopia prevalence rate was 47.50%. The inheritance of myopia from parents was 66.57% for boys, 67.82% for girls, 65.02% for the Han group, and 52.71% for other races. There were additive interactions between parental myopia and poor reading and writing habits; Among other things, parents' myopia and poor viewing habits when reading and writing (the distance between the eyes and the book is less than 30 cm when reading and writing, the fingers block the view of one eye when holding the pen and by leaning against the body when reading and writing; habit 1) increased risk of myopia by 10.99 times (odds ratio [OR] = 10.99, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 8.33-14 , 68), parental myopia and poor reading posture (reading lying down, walking, or on the car; habit 2) increased the risk of myopia 5.92


(OR = 5.92, 95% CI = 4.84 –7.27). There was no multiplicative interaction between parental myopia and habit 1 or habit 2 (OR = 0.69, 95% CI = 0.44-1.08; OR = 0.89, 95% CI = 0, 66-1,21). The prevalence of myopia among students in Urumqi, Xinjiang, is relatively high. The risk of myopia is influenced by parental myopia and poor reading and writing habits. In addition, parental myopia exacerbates the damage caused by poor reading and writing habits, increasing the risk of myopia. Students whose parents are nearsighted should be the target of efforts to prevent nearsightedness.

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